A dog can eat too much protein and gain weight.
A dog can eat too much carb and gain weight.
A dog can eat too much fat and gain weight.
Just like humans.
A dog needs a certain amount of calories for his/her body and every dog is different. Feeding instructions on dogfoods are *guidelines* - one should always feed to condition.
Unless there is a metabolic issue at hand - it's basic calories in/out that causes weight issues, just like in people.
I do feed a higher protein diet bc I think it's more species appropriate, but everyone is comfortable w/ different things.